Reversible brush-holder for use with dynamos.



J. L. CREVELING. REVERSIBLE BRUSH HOLDER FOR USE WITH DYNAMOS. APPLICATION FILED DEC.26. 1911. RENEWED MAY 2a. 918.

1 ,276 ,727 Patented Aug. 27, 1918.

' Z SHEETS-SHEET J. L. CREVELING. REVERSIBLE BRUSH HOLDER FOR USE WITH DYNAMOS.

APPLICATION FILED DEC.26.I91I. RENEWED MAY 28.1918- Patent-ed Aug. 27,1918.

2 SHEETSSHEET 2- JOHN L. CREVELING, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO SAFETY CAR HEATING AND LIGHTING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

REVERSIBLE BRUSH-HOLDER FOR WITH DYNAMOS.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Aug. 27, 1918.

Application filed December 26, 1911, Serial No. 667,740. Renewed May 28, 1918. Serial No. 237,173.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN L. CREVELING, a resident of New York, in the county and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Reversible BruslrHolders for Use with Dynamos, as

set forth in the annexed specification and drawing, forming'a part thereof.

My invention pertains to that class .of dynamos having rotors subject to reversals in direction of rotation and has for its object to produce a dynamo capable of delivering current of constant polarity to line, regardless of such reversals in direction of rotation of the rotor.

Figure l is a partial elevation and longitudinal section of a portion of my improved dynamo.

Fig. 2 is a transverse section of my dynamo on the line A,B of Fig. l. The section shown in Fig. 1 is taken on the line CD of Fig. 2.

Fig. 3 is a section of one of the brush holders and cooperating mechanism shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

Fig. l is a plan and partial section of the supporting means for carrying the brush holders.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2. 1 represents an armature provided with the commutator 2- ainhcarried by the shaft 3 mounted in suitable bearings carried as by end castings, one of which is indicated at 4. The said end castings are. provided with flanged portions 5 and are secured to the shell or field frame 6 as by screws 7. The end casting 4 is provided with an extended hub.8 upon which are clamped ring members 9 and 10 wh ch are firmly supported by said hub 8 and 111- sulated therefrom as by an insulating member, or sleeve, 11. The ring member 9 is provided with a suitable binding post 12 by which the same may be connected to an external circuit and the ring member 10 is provided with a suitable binding post for a like purpose. This ring member 9, in a four-pole machine, as shown in the drawing for example, is provided with four arms 14 of magnetic material and the ring member 10 is provided with four arms 15 of magnetic material, the said arms being so disposed in pairs with relation to each other that brush holders placed between each pair and rotated in one direction will alternately contact with armscarried by alternate ring members in a manner that will hereinafter more plainly appear. Between pairs of the arms 14 and 15 there are placed brush holders 16,17, 18 and 19 each of which carry brushes 20 pressed upon the commutator 2 as by means of any suitable spring mechanism indicated at 21,, The brush holders are carried by links 22 insulated therefrom and terminating in the rods 23, each having one end carried in such manner as to be free to revolve within the bosses 24 as indicated. The opposite extremities of the rods 23 are provided with depressions into which fit the pins 25 fastened into handles 26 and carried by the bosses 27 in such manner as tobe movable laterally therein and are normally held in the position shown in Figs. '1 and 4: as by the springs 28. The brush holders are provided with an iron magnet frame as shown in section at 29 in Fig. 3 which is provided with windings 30 which may be connected in any desired manner to become energized when the generator becomes activeias, for example, connected across the armature. The arms 11 and 15 and the magnet shell or frame 29 are preferably copper plated to prevent rust and to prevent freezing between the magnets 29 and the arms 14 and 15 as will be understood by those skilled in the art. If desired, the brush holders may be provided upon oppo' site sides with hook members 31 insulated therefrom and provided at their extremities with hooks 32. These hooks 32 may then all be joined to mechanically unite the various brush holders to cause their moving in unison by the springs as indicated at 33 or each pair of hooks, save one,'may be connected with the links 34. and then a spring used to connect the remaining pair as indicatcd in Fig. 2. The connection between the brush holders by means of the springs and links will, of course, tend to cause the brushes moving downwardly on one side of the commutator to counterbalance the ones moving upwardly .on the opposite side there of and will tend to prevent revolution or swaying of the brush holders around an axis normal to the commutator. With the brush holders united mechanically as indicated in Fig. 2, the magnet windings of the brush holders may be connected as indicated in the said figure-that is, one end of the winding windings of the on the holder 16 may be connected to the insulated hook on the left hand side thereof and the opposite end of the winding to the hook on the right hand side. The winding 30 of the brush holder 17 may in a like manner to the hooks on the opposite sides thereof. One winding of the brush holder 18 may be connected to the hook on the right hand side and the remaining terminal of thesaid winding connected to one of the arms 14. lhe brush'holder 19 may have one of its windings connected to the hook on the upper side thereof and the re maining end connected to one of the arms 15. With this arrangement it will be noted that inasmuch as the hooks are all insulated from their respective supports, the coupling up of the hooks with the links and springs 33 as indicated in Fig. 2 will place the magnet four brush holders (see Fig. 2) in series with each other and in shunt across the ring members 9 and 10 which in turn are in contact with the brush holders of opposite polarity respectively. If desired that the brushes 20 shall be held, when in their operative positions, radially with respect to the commutator '2, the arms or links 22 may be corrugated as 3 or otherwise made slightly flexible and the members or arms 14 and 15 may be so disposed that when the faces of the iron magnet frames 29 are drawn snugly against .the same, the links 22 will spring slightly and allow the brushes to assume a radial posit on.

An operation of my dynamo 1s substantiallyas follows:

I fthe dynamo have its armature 1 ro- -tating in such'direction that its uppermost part 1s moving away from an observer, looking at-Fig. 1, and therefore rotating in such direction that the commutator Q'is moving in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. 2, the friction of the brushes 20 upon the commutator 2 will cause the brush holders 16 and 18 to move into contact with two of the arms 14 and the brush holders 17 and 19 to move into contact with two of the arms 15 and, therefore, the brushes upon the same? diameters will be in electrical communication with arms carried by the same ring member 9 or 10 as is proper in a mult1- polar machine as shown. If now the speed of the machine be raised sufiiciently that its electro-motive force is appreciable, the energization of the windings 3O will'cause the magnet frames 29 in contact with the magnetic arms 14 and 15 to firmly grip the same and hold the brush holders from vibration or chattering. the windings 30 will become deenergized and if the armature be revolved in an opposite direction the friction of the brushes 20 upon the commutator 2 will cause the brush holders 16, 17, 18 and 19 to move into conbe connected shown at 35 in Fig.

If now the armature stop,

Lever/a7 rotation of the armature and causethe current delivered to line to remain of the same direction as above in a well-known manner. If now the speed be raised until the electromotive force of the generator is appreciable, the brush holders will firmly grip the arms 14 and 15 to cause a good electrical communication therewith and by this magnetic grip upon the arms the brush holders will be firmly supported and held free fromvibration or chattering, and the links 22 will be relieved of any strain due to rotation of the commutator and any uneven wear thereof. In practice, it is sometimes advisable that the distance traveled by the brush holders upon reversals of direction of rotation should be small and when small enough they may be arranged to move and to be held such manner that the brushes are always normal to a tangent to the commutator. lVhen found advantageous that the brushes, when the generator is in operation, shall be held in a true radial position with regard to the commutator, this may be accomplished by arranging the faces of the members 14 and 15 in planes parallel to the radii upon whichit is desired to hold the brushes 20.

-Then, with this arrangement, the brush holders will first strike thearms 14 and 15 at the portions nearest the commutator and then when the windings 30 become energized the attraction of the same toward the arms 14 and 15 will cause the corrugated links 22 shown in Fig. 3 to spring slightly and allow the air gap to be closed and the brush holders held in the position shown in the said Fig. 3 with the brushes in a true radial position with regard to the commutator. If desired at any time to remove one of the brush holders, if the hooks, links andsprings 31, 34 and 33 shown in Fig. 2 be not used, it is simply necessary for one to pull the handle 26 belonging to the brush holder to be removed and then the rods 23 will be released and the entire brush box may be readily taken out. If the brush holders be joined as shown in Fig. 2'the spring may be released from its hook and then the necessary links 34 may be unhooked and the brush box desired may be readily removed in a like manner.

Frim the foregoing it will be noted that I have produced a. dynamo which will deliver a uni-directional current to line regardless of direction in rotation of the rotor thereof. Also, that the movable electrical connections necessary to accomplish this purpose are firmly established and held in contact under running conditions and that the brush boxes are mechanically held firmly in their proper positions free from vibration or chattering. It will further be noted that the positions occupied by the brushes may be shifted to accomplish the desired results without supporting the brushes upon any frame or rotating member rotatable about the shaft or axis of revolution of the rotor. It will also be obvious that the brush mechanism in my dynamo is readily removable for inspection or repair and may be readily replaced in the proper operative position.

I make no claim herein to the broad idea of a stopfonthebrush-holders in combination with additional means for holding the brushes at the point of arrest, nor'to the broad idea of magnetic means for holding the brushes under control, as the same are made the subject of my application filed Aug. 7, 1911, Serial No. 642,582. Nor do I make claim herein to electromagnetic means broadly for restraining the brush-holders, as such feature is made the subject of myapplication filed Aug. 19, 1911, Serial No. 644,983. Nor'do I claim herein the broad idea of means of securing the brushes together about the commutator, as such feature, in the proper combination, is made the subject of'my application filed Sept. 25,

so 1911, SerialNo. 651,022. Nor do I claim herein the broad idea of supporting the brush-holdin devices on a stationary part of the machine with ability to move relatively to the commutator and into engagement with stops, as the same and other featimes which are similar and not herein claimed, aremade the subject of'my-a ppli cation filed Nov. 3, 1911, Serial No. 658,414.

-I do not wish in any way to limit myself to the exact details of construction shown in the accompanying drawing nor to the e- .act mode of operation set forth in this specification, for it will be obvious that wlde departure in the Way of details may be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof which is as set forth in the following claims:

1. A dynamo electric machine hav1n an armature and commutator; a brush-ho der carrying a brush and capable of automatlcally assuming two positions, said brushholder being movable frictlonally to either v position by the commutator; cooperating means partly carried by the brush-holder for firmly holding the same in either pos1- tion; and means for moving the brushholder 80 its brush shall be held in true radial position relatively to the commutator 1n theposition assumed by the brush-holder. 2. A dynamo electric machine having an armature and commutator brushes and brush holders capable of automatically assuming two positions, said brushes and brush holders being movable frictlonally to either 05 position by the commutator; together wlth armature, a commutator,

suming two positions, said brushes and brush holders being movable frictionally' to, either pos tion by the commutator; together with stationary means for limiting the movement of the brush holders; and electromagnetic means carried by the brush holders for firmly holding the same in the position last assumed by the rotation of the holders.

4. A dynamo electric machine having an armature, commutator brushes and brush holders capable of automatically assuming two positions dependent upon the direction of rotation of the armature; stationary afms for limiting the movement of the commutator brushes to opposite position, and electromagnetic means carried by the commutator brush holders and opcratively connected in circuit with the armature of the machine for firmly holding the brush holders in either position. I

5. A dynamo electric machine having an armature, a commutator, and brush-holding devices; means for supporting said devices from a stationary part of the frame and per-v mitting motion of said devices in either of two directions; stationary means for limiting the movement of said brush-holding devices ineither direction; and means on the brushholders, 'for' securely holding said devices in accordance with the direction ofv rotation of the armature.

.6. A dynamo electricmachine having an and brush-holding devices; meansfor pivotally supporting said devices permitting motion thereof in either of two directions, said means including a swinging link; stationary means for limiting the movement of said brush-holding devices in either direction; and magnetic means for securely holding said devices in accordance with the direction of rotation of the armature.

7. A dynamo electric machine having an armature, and a commutator; together with a plurality of commutator brushes and brush holding devices adapted to be moved by friction of the brushes with the commutator in either direction through definite arcs; means for pivotally connecting the brush holding devices with a stationary part of the machine, and stationary means connected with the stationary part of the machine for limiting the movement of said brush holders; in combination with means on the brush-holders for securely holding said brush holders at the limit of movement in either direction.

brush-holding devices adapted to be moved by. friction of the brushes with the commutator in either direction through definite arcs; means for supporting the brush-holding devices on a stationary part of the maadapted to be connected in circuit with the.

armature and to be energized when the said devices reach either limit of movement, for holding said devices from movement.

9. A dynamo electric machine having-a commutator, a commutator brush and a brush holder pivotally supported to a stationary part of the machine and adapted to be moved in either of two directions; together with means for stopping said brush holder on rotation of the armature in either direction, and electromagnetic means carried by the brush holder foreflectively holding the same no matter in which direction the armature may be rotatin 10. A brush holder for a dynamo electric machine emb 'acing means pivotally' supported from a fixed part of the machine and capable of a definite movement in either of two directions in accordance with the direction of rotation of the armature; together with additional means on either side of said holder for limiting-the movement thereof, and electromagnetic means carried. by the brush holder for firmly magnetically securing the brush carried by the holder in either of two positions of commutation.

11. A brush'holder for a dynamo electric machine embracing an electromagnetic winding and a hollow magnetic frame which supports the brush, said frame being pivotally supported from a stationary portion of the machine and adapted to assume either of two angular positions in accordance with the direction of rotation of the armature; together with stationary arms for checking said brush holder when moving in either direction, said stationary arms being constructed of magnetic material adapted to firmly hold the brush holder when it reaches the limit of rotation.

having means for connection interwar 12. A dynamo electric machine comprising an armature and a commutator; a shaft therefor, having a bearing; a pair of rings insulatably secured to thebearing,

to a branch of an outside circuit; each of said rings having a plurality of arms extending axially in proximity vto the commutator; each of the arms of one ring being located adjacent an arm of the other ring; and a brush-holder sup-ported between each pair of said adjacent arms, said brush-holders being movable into contact with one or the other of said arms, whereby when the rotation of the commutator reverses, the connection of the brushes is likewise reversed.

13, A brush-holder in combination with a dynamo electric machine; means for pivotally supporting said holder in either of two positions with respect to the commutator of said machine, said meansincluding a swinging link; and means on each side of said holder permanently connected to a fixed part of the machine for limiting the movement of said holder in either direction.

ll. A brush-holder comprising a coilwound elongated casing, and means for supporting the same including a journal-rod,

links connected to said rod at each end, and

a pivotal connection between the links and casing. 1

15. A brush-holder COIIlPllSlllg a coilwound casing, and means for supporting the same including a journal-rod, a flexible link, and a pivotal connection between the link and casing.

16. A brush-holder comprising /a coilwound casing having means for supporting a brush, and means for supporting the easing including a flexible link and pivotal support therefor.

17 A brush-holding mechanism comprising a journal support, means for removably mounting a journal in said support, a brushholder, and means for supporting the latter movably on and relatively to the journal.

- JOHN L. CREVELING.

Witnesses I ANNA M. WALL, M. HERSKOVITZ.

and each 

